Our poll

Rate my site
Total of answers: 11

Statistics


Total online: 1
Guests: 1
Users: 0

Login form

Search

Calendar

«  March 2024  »
SuMoTuWeThFrSa
     12
3456789
10111213141516
17181920212223
24252627282930
31




Tuesday, 2024-03-19, 1:58 PM
Welcome Guest | RSS
Learn English Online

Main | Registration | Login
Modal verbs Unit 32


Unit 32

Must and have to

(a) Когда мы говорим о необходимости сделать

что-либо, то используем must (do) и

have to(do). Часто между ними нет разницы:

 

- You must (или have to) have a passport to visit most foreign countries.

 

Однако, иногда существует разница между must

и have to. С помощью must говорящий выражаетсобственное
мнение, и говорит о том, что именно
ОН считает необходимым:

 

- You must help your sister.

- He must not smoke so much.

- He must be at home now.

- The book is not on the shelf. Jean must be reading it now.

- It is six o'clock. She must have come home.

 

С помощью have to говорящий сообщает не

собственное мнение, а объективные факты.

Например:

- I have a terrible toothache.

I have to go to the dentist.

Ей необходимо сходить к

стоматологу.Посмотрите на

ее щеку.

 

- We are to meet at 5 o'clock.

Обязательство, но оно

результат предыдущего

соглашения.

 

- I can't meet you on Friday. I have to work.

 

(b) Must можно использовать только в форме

настоящего времени.

Must нельзя использовать в будущего времени -

с помощью must можно говорить о будущем времени.

 

 

- We must help her in her work.

 

Have to может употребляться во всех формах.

Например:

 

- I had to go to hospital. (past)

- She has to rewrite her composition. (infinitive) - (Present simple)

- Have you ever had to go to hospital? (present perfect)

 

Заметим, что мы используем do/does/did c have to

в вопросах настоящего и прошедшего времени, а

также в отрицательных предложениях:

 

- What do I have to do get a driving license? (а не 'have I to do')

- Why did you have to go to hospital? (а не 'had you to do')

(c) Must't и don't have to имеют совершенно

разный смысл. 'You must't do something'

означает:'Надо, чтобы Вы этого не делали':

 

- You mustn't go there.

- You must not do such things.

- He mustn't leave the room for a while.

- You must not tell anyone what I said.

 

 

См. также Unit 33a.

 

'You don't have to do something' означает:

'Нет необходимости делать это; в этом нет нужды':

 

- I don't have to wear a suit to work but I usually do.

- You don't have to borrow this book from the library. I'll give it to you.

 

(d) Вместо have to можно использовать have got to.

Можно сказать:

 

- He have to go right now. или - He has got to go right now.

- He have to sell his house. или - He has got to sell his house.

 

 

MUST

TO BE TO

HAVE TO

 

Past

 

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

I was to meet him

Was she to....

They weren't to

I had to go there

Did you have....

He did not have

 

Present

We must go now

Must you go there

I am to meet her

She isn't to go...

Are they to come

She has do a...

Do you have to do

We don't have to do

 

Future

 

 

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

I'll have to see him

W'll she have to

They won't have to


Copyright MyCorp © 2024