Appendix 2

Regular and irregular verbs

1 Правильные глаголы.

Past simple и past participle правильных

глаголов заканчиваются на -ed. Например:

 

infinitive (основная форма):	clean improve paint carry
past simple/ past participle:	cleaned improved painted carried

Правила правописания смотрите в Appendix 3.

 

О past simple смотрите Unit 11

Мы используем причастие прошедшего времени past

participle для создания perfect tenses

(have/has/had cleaned) и всех форм страдательного

залога(passive forms).

Смотрите Unit 42,Unit 44:

- I cleaned my room yesterday. (past simple)

- Your English has improved. (present perfect - см. Unit 13,Unit 21)

- The house was dirty. We hadn't cleaned it for a long time. (past perfect -

- см.(Unit 22)

- This door has just been painted. (present perfect passive)

- He was carried out of the room. (past simple passive)

 

Когда past simple и past participle

не заканчиваются на -ed, глагол является

неправильным.

 

2 Следующие глаголы могут быть правильными или

неправильными:

 

infinitive past simple / past participle	infinitive past simple / past participle
burn burnt или burned dream dreamt или dreamed lean leant или leaned learn learnt или learned	smell smelt или smelled spell spelt или spelled spill spilt или spilled spoil spoilt или spoiled

 

Вы можете сказать:

- I leant out of the window. или I leaned out of the window.

- The dinner has been spoilt. или The dinner has been spoiled.

 

В British English неправильная форма

(burnt/learnt и т.д.) более общепринятая.

 

3 Неправильные глаголы.

У некоторых неправильных глаголов все три формы

(infinitive, past simple и past participle)

одинаковые. Например, hit:

 

- Someone hit me as I came into the room. (past simple)

- I've never hit anyone in my life. (past participle - present perfect)

- George was hit on the head by a stone. (past participle - passive)

 

У некоторых неправильных глаголов форма

past simple такая же, как past participle

(но отличается от infinitive).

Например, tell - told:

 

- He told me to come back the next day. (past simple)

- Have you told anyone about your new job?(past participle - present perfect)

- I was told to come back the next day. (past participle - passive)

 

Другие же неправильные глаголы имеют все

три формы, отличающиеся друг от друга.

Например, break - broke - broken:

 

- He broke his arm in a climbing accident. (past simple)

- Somebody has broken the window. (past participle - present perfect)

- When was the window broken? (past participle - passive)

 

4 Список неправильных глаголов.

 

infinitive	past simple	past participle	infinitive	past simple	past participle
be beat become begin bend bet bite blow break bring build burst buy catch choose come cost cut deal dig do draw drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find fly forbid forget forgive freeze get give go grow hang have hear hide hit hold hurt keep know lay lead leave lend let lie light	was/were beat became began bent bet bit blew broke brought built burst bought caught chose came cost cut dealt dug did drew drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found flew forbade forgot forgave froze got gave went grew hung had heard hid hit held hurt kept knew laid led left lent let lay lit	been beaten become begun bent bet bitten blown broken brought built burst bought caught chosen come cost cut dealt dug done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found flown forbidden forgotten forgiven frozen got given gone grown hung had heard hidden hit held hurt kept known laid led left lent let lain lit	lose make mean meet pay put read[ri:d] ride ring rise run say see seek sell send set sew shake shine shoot show shrink shut sing sink sit sleep speak spend split spread spring stand steal stick sting stink strike swear sweep swim swing take teach tear tell think throw understand wake wear win write	lost made meant met paid put read[red] rode rang rose ran said saw sought sold sent set sewed shook shone shot showed shrank shut sang sank sat slept spoke spent split spread sprang stood stole stuck stung stank struck swore swept swam swung took taught tore told thought threw understood woke wore won wrote	lost made meant met paid put read [red] ridden rung risen run said seen sought sold sent set sewn/sewed shaken shone shot shown shrunk shut sung sunk sat slept spoken spent split spread sprung stood stolen stuck stung stunk struck sworn swept swum swung taken taught torn told thought thrown understood woken worn won written