Unit 18
Present perfect
(I have done/ I have been doing)
with how long, for, since
(a) Времена Present Perfect и Present Perfect Continuous используются для того, чтобы показать, как давно началось некоторое действие.
- I have been thinking about it for a long time.
- They have been married for many years.
- He has been reading since he came.
(b) Оба времени Present Perfect (I have done) и
Present Perfect Continuous (I have been doing) употребляются для выражения действий, повторяющихся на протяжении определенного
отрезка времени. См. также Unit 16b.
- She has been playing chess for 10 years.
- She has played chess for 10 years.
с Мы используем Present Perfect (I have done) для описания ситуаций, которые существуют в течение длительного времени(особенно, если употребляется always).Обратите внимание, что ситуация еще сохраняется:
- My parents have always lived in this small town.
- He has looked after Miss Gregg for many years now.
Для ситуаций, возникших недавно, мы используем Present Perfect Continuous (I have been doing):
- My friend has been staying with us for several days.
- I have been learning English since September.
(d) Ряд глаголов, например, be, have, know
(список смотри в Unit 3b и глагол have
в Unit 24) обычно не используются в
Present Perfect Continuous и вместо Continuous употребляется Present Perfect:
- I've loved her since she was a child.
- But we have been in conference for two hours - he said.
(d) Если известен период времени, в течение которого совершалось действие или момент, в который это действие началось, никогда не используйте Present Simple (I do) или Continuous (I am doing).
- What are you doing here? I'm waiting for my friend.
- How long have you been waiting for her?
- I've been waiting for her for about an hour.