Unit 59
Preposition + -ing
(a) Если глагол следует за предлогом
in at with about и т.д.,
то он оканчивается на -ing.
Рассмотрим примеры:
|
Are you interested |
in |
working |
for us? |
|
I'm fed up |
at |
learning |
languages. |
|
I'm not very good |
with |
studying. |
|
|
The children are excited |
about |
going |
on holiday. |
|
What are the advantages |
of |
having |
a car? |
|
This knife is only |
for |
cutting |
bread. |
|
John went to work |
in spite of |
feeling |
ill. (См. Unit 109.) |
|
I bought a new bicycle |
instead of |
going |
away on holiday. |
(b) Можно употреблять -ing с before и after:
- Before going out I phoned Ann.
You can also say: `Before I went out I...'
- What did you do after leaving school?
You can also say: `... after you left school?'
(c) Вы можете употребить by -ing, чтобы сказать,
как что-то случилось:
- They got into the house by breaking a kitchen window and climbing in.
- You can improve your English by doing a lot of reading.
(d) После without тоже можно использовать -ing:
- Tom left without finishing his dinner.
- She ran five miles without stopping.
- He climbed through the window without anybody seeing him.
(или `... without being seen.')
- She needs to work without people disturbing her. (или `... without
being disturbed.')
- It's nice to go on holiday without having to worry about money.
(e) To - обычно часть неопределенной формы
(infinitive).
Например:
- They decided to go out.
- I want to play tennis.
Но to также является и предлогом.
Примеры:
- Tom went to London.
- He gave the book to Ann.
- I prefer cities to the countryside.
- I'm looking forward to the week-end.
Если за предлогом следует глагол, он оканчивается
на -ing (см. раздел a). Поэтому, если to - предлог
и за ним следует глагол, надо говорить to -ing.
Например:
- I prefer cycling to driving (а не `to drive')
- I'm looking forward to seeing Ann again. (а не `to see')
О be/get в связи с использованием -ing см.Unit 62.